DarkMatter/VeraRubin - Revision history

Jet53man: /* See Also */

2023-08-08T21:20:29Z

See Also

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:20, 8 August 2023
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	<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987ApJ...313....1K/abstract Kuhn & Kruglyak (1987, ApJ, 313, 1))] — ''Non-Newtonian forces and the invisible mass problem''</li>		<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987ApJ...313....1K/abstract Kuhn & Kruglyak (1987, ApJ, 313, 1))] — ''Non-Newtonian forces and the invisible mass problem''</li>
	<li>Sanders (2014) — ''A Historical Perspective on Modified Newtonian Dynamics''</li>		<li>Sanders (2014) — ''A Historical Perspective on Modified Newtonian Dynamics''</li>
			<li>[https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ace101#artAbst Chae, K.-H. (2023, ApJ, 952, Number 2, 128)] — ''Breakdown of the Newton-Einstein Standard Gravity at Low Acceleration in Internal Dynamics of Wide Binary Stars''</li>
	</ul>		</ul>

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Jet53man: /* Neighborhood Meeting at Yale University (1970) */

2022-01-04T19:26:09Z

Neighborhood Meeting at Yale University (1970)

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	<font color="red">Note from Joel E. Tohline:</font> I doubt that she knew it, but [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00734-4 Dr. Vera C. Rubin] was a significant influence on my astronomy career. What follows are some highlights of my early professional interactions with her.		<font color="red">Note from Joel E. Tohline:</font> I doubt that she knew it, but [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00734-4 Dr. Vera C. Rubin] was a significant influence on my astronomy career. What follows are some highlights of my early professional interactions with her.

	==Neighborhood Meeting at Yale University (~~1970~~)==		==Neighborhood Meeting at Yale University (1979)==
	[[File:Yale1979Meeting.jpg\|125px\|thumb\|right\|Yale Neighborhood Meeting (1979)]]For two years, beginning in the summer of 1978, I held a J. Willard Gibbs instructorship in the astronomy department of Yale University. In my first year, I was encouraged — along with another young astronomer, Dr. Carol A. Christian — to organize a so-called ''Neighborhood Meeting'' at Yale. The idea was to focus on a topic that would bring together faculty, postdocs and graduate students from universities and research centers that were "within driving distance" of the Yale campus; this, and limiting the gathering to 1.5 days (just one overnight stay) would keep travel expenses to a minimum. We accepted the challenge. Given that, at that time, the astrophysics community, worldwide, was making significant progress on a number of issues related to galaxies — both observationally and theoretically — the topic we picked was …		[[File:Yale1979Meeting.jpg\|125px\|thumb\|right\|Yale Neighborhood Meeting (1979)]]For two years, beginning in the summer of 1978, I held a J. Willard Gibbs instructorship in the astronomy department of Yale University. In my first year, I was encouraged — along with another young astronomer, Dr. Carol A. Christian — to organize a so-called ''Neighborhood Meeting'' at Yale. The idea was to focus on a topic that would bring together faculty, postdocs and graduate students from universities and research centers that were "within driving distance" of the Yale campus; this, and limiting the gathering to 1.5 days (just one overnight stay) would keep travel expenses to a minimum. We accepted the challenge. Given that, at that time, the astrophysics community, worldwide, was making significant progress on a number of issues related to galaxies — both observationally and theoretically — the topic we picked was …
	<table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="8">		<table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="8">

Jet53man: /* Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond */

2022-01-04T19:00:13Z

Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond

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	==Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond==		==Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond==
	[[File:JamesFelten1983small.png\|125px\|thumb\|right\|Draft of James E. Felten's (1984) paper]]About half a year later, Dr. James E. Felten — at the time, a research scientist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland — was discussing with Dr. Rubin the published work of Milgrom & Bekenstein and she told him that Joel Tohline "worked on 'Milgrom' ideas before Milgrom!" (See Felton's hand-written comment inside the red oval of the image shown here, on the right; click to make the thumbnail image larger.) I presume that Dr. Rubin was recalling the discussion that I had had [[#Tohline_Visits_CIW:DTM_(1980)\|with her group in early 1980]]. Dr. Felten then contacted me and we exchanged a few letters on the subject. Dr. Felten's critique of the Milgrom-Bekenstein work was published in [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984ApJ...286....3F/abstract The Astrophysical Journal (1984, Vol. 286, pp. 3 - 6)]; page 5 of this article includes a ''Note added in manuscript 1984 June 6'' acknowledging these, and related, discussions.		[[File:JamesFelten1983small.png\|125px\|thumb\|right\|Draft of James E. Felten's (1984) paper]]About half a year later, Dr. James E. Felten — at the time, a research scientist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland — was discussing with Dr. Rubin the published work of Milgrom & Bekenstein (see [[#See_Also\|references below]]) and she told him that Joel Tohline "worked on 'Milgrom' ideas before Milgrom!" (See Felton's hand-written comment inside the red oval of the image shown here, on the right; click to make the thumbnail image larger.) I presume that Dr. Rubin was recalling the discussion that I had had [[#Tohline_Visits_CIW:DTM_(1980)\|with her group in early 1980]]. Dr. Felten then contacted me and we exchanged a few letters on the subject. Dr. Felten's critique of the Milgrom-Bekenstein work was published in [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984ApJ...286....3F/abstract The Astrophysical Journal (1984, Vol. 286, pp. 3 - 6)]; page 5 of this article includes a ''Note added in manuscript 1984 June 6'' acknowledging these, and related, discussions.

	In my (old-fashioned, paper) files, I have a record of insightful written exchanges that I had with a number of researchers throughout the decade of the 80s. For example …		In my (old-fashioned, paper) files, I have a record of insightful written exchanges that I had with a number of researchers throughout the decade of the 80s. For example …

Jet53man: /* See Also */

2022-01-04T18:54:11Z

See Also

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	=See Also=		=See Also=
	<ul>		<ul>
	<li>Finzi (1963) — ''On the Validity of Newton's Law at a Long Distance''</li>		<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963MNRAS.127...21F/abstract A. Finzi (1963, MNRAS, 127, 21)] — ''On the Validity of Newton's Law at a Long Distance''</li>
	<li>[http://www.phys.lsu.edu/~tohline/TinsleyNotes1978.pdf Notes from Beatrice Tinsley dated July 3, 1978].</li>		<li>[http://www.phys.lsu.edu/~tohline/TinsleyNotes1978.pdf Notes from Beatrice Tinsley dated July 3, 1978].</li>
	<li>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983IAUS..100..205T ''Stabilizing a Cold Disk with a <math>1/r</math> Force Law.'']</li>		<li>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983IAUS..100..205T ''Stabilizing a Cold Disk with a <math>1/r</math> Force Law.'']</li>
	<li>[http://www.phys.lsu.edu/~tohline/vita/Tohline.C5.pdf ''Does Gravity Exhibit a <math>1/r</math> force on the Scale of Galaxies?'']</li>		<li>[http://www.phys.lsu.edu/~tohline/vita/Tohline.C5.pdf ''Does Gravity Exhibit a <math>1/r</math> force on the Scale of Galaxies?'']</li>
	<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983ApJ...270..365M/abstract M. Milgrom (1983, ApJ, 270, pp. 365 - 370)]</li>		<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983ApJ...270..365M/abstract M. Milgrom (1983, ApJ, 270, pp. 365 - 370)] — ''A Modification of the Newtonian Dynamics as a Possible Alternative to the Hidden Mass Hypothesis''</li>
			<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984ApJ...286....7B/abstract J. Bekenstein & M. Milgrom (1984, ApJ, 286, 7 - 14)] — ''Does the Missing Mass Problem Signal the Breakdown of Newtonian Gravity?''</li>
	<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987ApJ...313....1K/abstract Kuhn & Kruglyak (1987, ApJ, 313, 1))] — ''Non-Newtonian forces and the invisible mass problem''</li>		<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987ApJ...313....1K/abstract Kuhn & Kruglyak (1987, ApJ, 313, 1))] — ''Non-Newtonian forces and the invisible mass problem''</li>
	<li>Sanders (2014) — ''A Historical Perspective on Modified Newtonian Dynamics''</li>		<li>Sanders (2014) — ''A Historical Perspective on Modified Newtonian Dynamics''</li>

Jet53man: /* See Also */

2022-01-04T18:45:02Z

See Also

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:45, 4 January 2022
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	<li>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983IAUS..100..205T ''Stabilizing a Cold Disk with a <math>1/r</math> Force Law.'']</li>		<li>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983IAUS..100..205T ''Stabilizing a Cold Disk with a <math>1/r</math> Force Law.'']</li>
	<li>[http://www.phys.lsu.edu/~tohline/vita/Tohline.C5.pdf ''Does Gravity Exhibit a <math>1/r</math> force on the Scale of Galaxies?'']</li>		<li>[http://www.phys.lsu.edu/~tohline/vita/Tohline.C5.pdf ''Does Gravity Exhibit a <math>1/r</math> force on the Scale of Galaxies?'']</li>
			<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983ApJ...270..365M/abstract M. Milgrom (1983, ApJ, 270, pp. 365 - 370)]</li>
	<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987ApJ...313....1K/abstract Kuhn & Kruglyak (1987, ApJ, 313, 1))] — ''Non-Newtonian forces and the invisible mass problem''</li>		<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987ApJ...313....1K/abstract Kuhn & Kruglyak (1987, ApJ, 313, 1))] — ''Non-Newtonian forces and the invisible mass problem''</li>
	<li>Sanders (2014) — ''A Historical Perspective on Modified Newtonian Dynamics''</li>		<li>Sanders (2014) — ''A Historical Perspective on Modified Newtonian Dynamics''</li>

Jet53man: /* Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond */

2022-01-04T18:42:00Z

Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:42, 4 January 2022
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	<ul>		<ul>
	<li>In the spring of 1985, I received a package of documents from Dr. Michael Disney (Cardiff, Wales). In addition to a wonderfully worded cover letter, the package contained a couple of thick draft articles in which he explored in a number of different directions what the implications would be of a modification to Newton's Law of the type I was proposing. He had not previously seen my work on this topic, but his thoughts were so in tune with my own that I was sure he had read my mind! It was wonderful to have heard from such a kindred spirit; his (draft) writings were like poetry, to me. Toward the end of the decade, at the invitation of Mike Disney and his astronomy colleagues at University College, Cardiff, I spent ten very enjoyable and intellectually stimulating days visiting Wales.</li>		<li>In the spring of 1985, I received a package of documents from Dr. Michael Disney (Cardiff, Wales). In addition to a wonderfully worded cover letter, the package contained a couple of thick draft articles in which he explored in a number of different directions what the implications would be of a modification to Newton's Law of the type I was proposing. He had not previously seen my work on this topic, but his thoughts were so in tune with my own that I was sure he had read my mind! It was wonderful to have heard from such a kindred spirit; his (draft) writings were like poetry, to me. Toward the end of the decade, at the invitation of Mike Disney and his astronomy colleagues at University College, Cardiff, I spent ten very enjoyable and intellectually stimulating days visiting Wales.</li>
	<li>In early 1986, [https://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/users/kuhn/kuhn2.html Jeff Kuhn] (Princeton, at the time) sent me a preprint of the paper he had written in collaboration with Kruglyak; he had heard of my work from Milgrom. A brief exchange of letters followed. An acknowledgement of my effort to examine the stability of cold stellar disks appears in their published paper (ApJ, 313, 1).</li>		<li>In early 1986, [https://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/users/kuhn/kuhn2.html Jeff Kuhn] (Princeton, at the time) sent me a preprint of the paper he had written in collaboration with Kruglyak; he had heard of my work from Milgrom. A brief exchange of letters followed. An acknowledgement of my effort to examine the stability of cold stellar disks appears in their published paper [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987ApJ...313....1K/abstract (ApJ, 313, 1)].</li>
	</ul>		</ul>

Jet53man: /* See Also */

2022-01-04T18:39:30Z

See Also

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:39, 4 January 2022
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	<li>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983IAUS..100..205T ''Stabilizing a Cold Disk with a <math>1/r</math> Force Law.'']</li>		<li>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983IAUS..100..205T ''Stabilizing a Cold Disk with a <math>1/r</math> Force Law.'']</li>
	<li>[http://www.phys.lsu.edu/~tohline/vita/Tohline.C5.pdf ''Does Gravity Exhibit a <math>1/r</math> force on the Scale of Galaxies?'']</li>		<li>[http://www.phys.lsu.edu/~tohline/vita/Tohline.C5.pdf ''Does Gravity Exhibit a <math>1/r</math> force on the Scale of Galaxies?'']</li>
	<li>Kuhn & Kruglyak (1987) — ''Non-Newtonian forces and the invisible mass problem''</li>		<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987ApJ...313....1K/abstract Kuhn & Kruglyak (1987, ApJ, 313, 1))] — ''Non-Newtonian forces and the invisible mass problem''</li>
	<li>Sanders (2014) — ''A Historical Perspective on Modified Newtonian Dynamics''</li>		<li>Sanders (2014) — ''A Historical Perspective on Modified Newtonian Dynamics''</li>
	</ul>		</ul>

	{{ SGFfooter }}		{{ SGFfooter }}

Jet53man: /* Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond */

2022-01-04T18:37:16Z

Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:37, 4 January 2022
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	==Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond==		==Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond==
	[[File:JamesFelten1983small.png\|125px\|thumb\|right\|Draft of James E. Felten's (1984) paper]]About half a year later, Dr. James E. Felten — at the time, a research scientist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland — was discussing with Dr. Rubin the published work of Milgrom & Bekenstein and she told him that Joel Tohline "worked on 'Milgrom' ideas before Milgrom!" (See Felton's hand-written comment inside the red oval of the image shown here, on the right; click to make the thumbnail image larger.) I presume that Dr. Rubin was recalling the discussion that I had had with her group in early 1980. Dr. Felten then contacted me and we exchanged a few letters on the subject. Dr. Felten's critique of the Milgrom-Bekenstein work was published in The Astrophysical Journal (1984, Vol. 286, pp. 3 - 6); page 5 of this article includes a ''Note added in manuscript 1984 June 6'' acknowledging these discussions.		[[File:JamesFelten1983small.png\|125px\|thumb\|right\|Draft of James E. Felten's (1984) paper]]About half a year later, Dr. James E. Felten — at the time, a research scientist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland — was discussing with Dr. Rubin the published work of Milgrom & Bekenstein and she told him that Joel Tohline "worked on 'Milgrom' ideas before Milgrom!" (See Felton's hand-written comment inside the red oval of the image shown here, on the right; click to make the thumbnail image larger.) I presume that Dr. Rubin was recalling the discussion that I had had [[#Tohline_Visits_CIW:DTM_(1980)\|with her group in early 1980]]. Dr. Felten then contacted me and we exchanged a few letters on the subject. Dr. Felten's critique of the Milgrom-Bekenstein work was published in [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984ApJ...286....3F/abstract The Astrophysical Journal (1984, Vol. 286, pp. 3 - 6)]; page 5 of this article includes a ''Note added in manuscript 1984 June 6'' acknowledging these, and related, discussions.

	In my (old-fashioned, paper) files, I have a record of insightful written exchanges that I had with a number of researchers throughout the decade of the 80s. For example …		In my (old-fashioned, paper) files, I have a record of insightful written exchanges that I had with a number of researchers throughout the decade of the 80s. For example …
			<ul>
			<li>In the spring of 1985, I received a package of documents from Dr. Michael Disney (Cardiff, Wales). In addition to a wonderfully worded cover letter, the package contained a couple of thick draft articles in which he explored in a number of different directions what the implications would be of a modification to Newton's Law of the type I was proposing. He had not previously seen my work on this topic, but his thoughts were so in tune with my own that I was sure he had read my mind! It was wonderful to have heard from such a kindred spirit; his (draft) writings were like poetry, to me. Toward the end of the decade, at the invitation of Mike Disney and his astronomy colleagues at University College, Cardiff, I spent ten very enjoyable and intellectually stimulating days visiting Wales.</li>
			<li>In early 1986, [https://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/users/kuhn/kuhn2.html Jeff Kuhn] (Princeton, at the time) sent me a preprint of the paper he had written in collaboration with Kruglyak; he had heard of my work from Milgrom. A brief exchange of letters followed. An acknowledgement of my effort to examine the stability of cold stellar disks appears in their published paper (ApJ, 313, 1).</li>
			</ul>

	=See Also=		=See Also=

Jet53man: /* Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond */

2022-01-04T18:23:22Z

Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:23, 4 January 2022
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	==Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond==		==Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond==
	[[File:JamesFelten1983small.png\|125px\|thumb\|right\|Draft of James E. Felten's (1984) paper]]		[[File:JamesFelten1983small.png\|125px\|thumb\|right\|Draft of James E. Felten's (1984) paper]]About half a year later, Dr. James E. Felten — at the time, a research scientist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland — was discussing with Dr. Rubin the published work of Milgrom & Bekenstein and she told him that Joel Tohline "worked on 'Milgrom' ideas before Milgrom!" (See Felton's hand-written comment inside the red oval of the image shown here, on the right; click to make the thumbnail image larger.) I presume that Dr. Rubin was recalling the discussion that I had had with her group in early 1980. Dr. Felten then contacted me and we exchanged a few letters on the subject. Dr. Felten's critique of the Milgrom-Bekenstein work was published in The Astrophysical Journal (1984, Vol. 286, pp. 3 - 6); page 5 of this article includes a ''Note added in manuscript 1984 June 6'' acknowledging these discussions.

			In my (old-fashioned, paper) files, I have a record of insightful written exchanges that I had with a number of researchers throughout the decade of the 80s. For example …

	=See Also=		=See Also=

Jet53man: /* Princeton IAS */

2022-01-04T18:15:43Z

Princeton IAS

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:15, 4 January 2022
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	</td></tr>		</td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	Shortly thereafter I received a letter (dated 17 June 1983) from Dr. John N. Bahcall (also, Princeton's IAS) that began as follows …		Shortly thereafter I received a letter (dated 17 June 1983) from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_N._Bahcall Dr. John N. Bahcall] (also, Princeton's IAS) that began as follows …
	<table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="2" width="60%"><tr><td align="left">		<table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="2" width="60%"><tr><td align="left">
	<font color="darkgreen">"Dear Joel:   Herb Rood showed me an abstract that you had written in which you considered some of the Solar system consequences of modifying the Newtonian force law."</font>		<font color="darkgreen">"Dear Joel:   Herb Rood showed me an abstract that you had written in which you considered some of the Solar system consequences of modifying the Newtonian force law."</font>
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	</td></tr>		</td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	Bahcall then asked whether or not I had considered how the standard mathematical expression of the virial theorem would be generalized in the context of my proposed non-Newtonian gravitational attraction. He derived what he considered to be the appropriate additional term that would be required, then applied the result to the case of "rich clusters" of galaxies. His conclusion was that my proposed modification of Newton's Law <font color="darkgreen">"… would overestimate the missing mass [in rich clusters] by a factor of 30"</font> relative to what is observed. His reference regarding the relevant observational measurements was ~~Eta~~ Bahcall's article in Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (1977, Vol. 15, pp. 505 - 540).		Bahcall then asked whether or not I had considered how the standard mathematical expression of the virial theorem would be generalized in the context of my proposed non-Newtonian gravitational attraction. He derived what he considered to be the appropriate additional term that would be required, then applied the result to the case of "rich clusters" of galaxies. His conclusion was that my proposed modification of Newton's Law <font color="darkgreen">"… would overestimate the missing mass [in rich clusters] by a factor of 30"</font> relative to what is observed. His reference regarding the relevant observational measurements was [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neta_Bahcall Neta Bahcall's] article in [https://www.annualreviews.org/toc/astro/15/1 Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (1977, Vol. 15, pp. 505 - 540)].

			I wrote back to John Bahcall, stating that I agreed with his derived correction to the virial theorem but that my interpretation of the published observational results — as found for example in Neta Bahcall's review article — was different from his. It looked to me as though the modified virial theorem expression nicely explains the mass-to-light ratio measurements in rich clusters. After studying my response, Dr. Bahcall wrote back:
			<table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="2" width="60%"><tr><td align="left">
			<font color="darkgreen">"… Thank you for your interesting letter on the <math>r^{-1}</math> force. You are indeed right that the mass to light ratio is typically 300 for rich clusters (I misquoted Neta's article). Thus there is no inconsistency with the virial equation I derived, provided one takes [a scale length] <math>a \sim 10 \mathrm{kpc}</math> … Very intriguing."</font>
			</td></tr>
			<tr> <td align="right">
			— John N. Bahcall
			</td></tr>
			</table>
			Over the subsequent couple of decades, John and Neta Bahcall visited LSU several times. As it turns out, John had graduated from high school in Shreveport, Louisiana, and he had a brother who lived in Baton Rouge.

	==Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond==		==Exchange of Letters with Jim Felten (1984) … and Beyond==