SSC/Structure/BiPolytropes/51RenormaizePart3

BiPolytrope with n_c = 5 and n_e = 1

After studying 📚 S. Yabushita (1975, MNRAS, Vol. 172, pp. 441 - 453) in depth, here we renormalize our original construction of bipolytropic models with $(n_c,n_e)=(5,1)$ such that both entropy values, $(K_c,K_e)$, are held fixed along each model sequence.

Original Derivation

Throughout the Core

Drawing from our original derivation, throughout the core …

Specify: $K_c$ and ${\rho }_0\Rightarrow$
$\rho$	$=$	${\rho }_0{\theta }^{n_c}$	$=$	${\rho }_0(1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }^2{)}^{-5/2}$
$P$	$=$	$K_c{\rho }_0^{1+1/n_c}{\theta }^{n_c+1}$	$=$	$K_c{\rho }_0^{6/5}(1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }^2{)}^{-3}$
$r$	$=$	$[\frac{(n_c+1)K_c}{4\pi G}{]}^{1/2}{\rho }_0^{(1-n_c)/(2n_c)}\xi$	$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c}{G{\rho }_0^{4/5}}{]}^{1/2}\right(\frac{3}{2\pi }{)}^{1/2}\xi$
$M_r$	$=$	$4\pi \left[\frac{(n_c+1)K_c}{4\pi G}{]}^{3/2}{\rho }_0^{(3-n_c)/(2n_c)}\right(-{\xi }^2\frac{d\theta }{d\xi })$	$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c^3}{G^3{\rho }_0^{2/5}}{]}^{1/2}\right(\frac{2\cdot 3}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}\left[{\xi }^3\right(1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }^2{)}^{-3/2}]$

Throughout the Envelope

And throughout the envelope,

					Knowing: $K_e/K_c$ and ${\rho }_e/{\rho }_0$ from Step 5   $\Rightarrow$
$\rho$	$=$	${\rho }_e{\varphi }^{n_e}$	$=$	${\rho }_0\left(\frac{{\rho }_e}{{\rho }_0}\right)\varphi$	$=$	${\rho }_0\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}\right){\theta }_i^5\varphi$
$P$	$=$	$K_e{\rho }_e^{1+1/n_e}{\varphi }^{n_e+1}$	$=$	$K_c{\rho }_0^{6/5}\left(\frac{K_e{\rho }_0^{4/5}}{K_c}\right)(\frac{{\rho }_e}{{\rho }_0}{)}^2{\varphi }^2$	$=$	$K_c{\rho }_0^{6/5}{\theta }_i^6{\varphi }^2$
$r$	$=$	$[\frac{(n_e+1)K_e}{4\pi G}{]}^{1/2}{\rho }_e^{(1-n_e)/(2n_e)}\eta$	$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c}{G{\rho }_0^{4/5}}{]}^{1/2}\right(\frac{K_e{\rho }_0^{4/5}}{K_c}{)}^{1/2}(2\pi {)}^{-1/2}\eta$	$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c}{G{\rho }_0^{4/5}}{]}^{1/2}\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-1}{\theta }_i^{-2}(2\pi {)}^{-1/2}\eta$
$M_r$	$=$	$4\pi \left[\frac{(n_e+1)K_e}{4\pi G}{]}^{3/2}{\rho }_e^{(3-n_e)/(2n_e)}\right(-{\eta }^2\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta })$	$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c^3}{G^3{\rho }_0^{2/5}}{]}^{1/2}\right(\frac{K_e{\rho }_0^{4/5}}{K_c}{)}^{3/2}\left(\frac{{\rho }_e}{{\rho }_0}\right)\left(\frac{2}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}\right(-{\eta }^2\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta })$	$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c^3}{G^3{\rho }_0^{2/5}}{]}^{1/2}\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-2}{\theta }_i^{-1}\left(\frac{2}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}\right(-{\eta }^2\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta })$

Interface Conditions

And at the interface …

			Setting $n_c=5$, $n_e=1$, and ${\varphi }_i=1\Rightarrow$
$\frac{{\rho }_e}{{\rho }_0}$	$=$	$\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}\right){\theta }_i^{n_c}{\varphi }_i^{-n_e}$	$=$	$\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}\right){\theta }_i^5$
$\left(\frac{K_e}{K_c}\right)$	$=$	${\rho }_0^{1/n_c-1/n_e}(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-(1+1/n_e)}{\theta }_i^{1-n_c/n_e}$	$=$	${\rho }_0^{-4/5}(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-2}{\theta }_i^{-4}$
$\frac{{\eta }_i}{{\xi }_i}$	$=$	$\left[\frac{n_c+1}{n_e+1}{]}^{1/2}\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}){\theta }_i^{(n_c-1)/2}{\varphi }_i^{(1-n_e)/2}$	$=$	$3^{1/2}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}\right){\theta }_i^2$
$(\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta }{)}_i$	$=$	$\left[\frac{n_c+1}{n_e+1}{]}^{1/2}{\theta }_i^{-(n_c+1)/2}{\varphi }_i^{(n_e+1)/2}\right(\frac{d\theta }{d\xi }{)}_i$	$=$	$3^{1/2}{\theta }_i^{-3}(\frac{d\theta }{d\xi }{)}_i$

New Normalization

From one of the interface conditions, we see that,

$\left(\frac{K_e}{K_c}\right)$	$=$	${\rho }_0^{-4/5}(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-2}{\theta }_i^{-4}$
$\Rightarrow {\rho }_0$	$=$	$\left[\right(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{-1}(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-2}{\theta }_i^{-4}{]}^{5/4}=[\left(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{-5/4}\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-5/2}{\theta }_i^{-5}]={\rho }_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}[\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-5/2}{\theta }_i^{-5}\right].$

Hence, throughout the core, we have,

$\rho$	$=$	${\rho }_0(1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }^2{)}^{-5/2}$	$=$	${\rho }_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}\left[\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-5/2}{\theta }_i^{-5}\left]\right(1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }^2{)}^{-5/2}$
$P$	$=$	$K_c{\rho }_0^{6/5}(1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }^2{)}^{-3}$	$=$	$K_c\left[\right(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{-5/4}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-5/2}{\theta }_i^{-5}{]}^{6/5}\right(1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }^2{)}^{-3}$
			$=$	$K_c\left[\right(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{-3/2}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-3}{\theta }_i^{-6}\right](1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }^2{)}^{-3}=P_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}[\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-3}{\theta }_i^{-6}\right](1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }^2{)}^{-3}$
$r$	$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c}{G{\rho }_0^{4/5}}{]}^{1/2}\right(\frac{3}{2\pi }{)}^{1/2}\xi$	$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c}{G}{]}^{1/2}\right[\left(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{-5/4}\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-5/2}{\theta }_i^{-5}{]}^{-2/5}(\frac{3}{2\pi }{)}^{1/2}\xi$
			$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c}{G}{]}^{1/2}\right[\left(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{1/2}\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}\left){\theta }_i^2\right](\frac{3}{2\pi }{)}^{1/2}\xi =r_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}[\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}\right){\theta }_i^2\left]\right(\frac{3}{2\pi }{)}^{1/2}\xi$
$M_r$	$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c^3}{G^3{\rho }_0^{2/5}}{]}^{1/2}\right(\frac{2\cdot 3}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}\left[{\xi }^3\right(1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }^2{)}^{-3/2}]$	$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c^3}{G^3}{]}^{1/2}\right[\left(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{-5/4}\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-5/2}{\theta }_i^{-5}{]}^{-1/5}\left(\frac{2\cdot 3}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}\right[{\xi }^3(1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }^2{)}^{-3/2}]$
			$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c^3}{G^3}{]}^{1/2}\right[\left(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{1/4}\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{1/2}{\theta }_i\left]\right(\frac{2\cdot 3}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}\left[{\xi }^3\right(1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }^2{)}^{-3/2}]$
			$=$	$M_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}\left[\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{1/2}{\theta }_i\left]\right(\frac{2\cdot 3}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}\left[{\xi }^3\right(1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }^2{)}^{-3/2}]$

And, throughout the envelope …

$\rho$	$=$	${\rho }_0\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}\right){\theta }_i^5\varphi$	$=$	$\left[\right(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{-5/4}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-5/2}{\theta }_i^{-5}\right]\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}\right){\theta }_i^5\varphi$
			$=$	${\rho }_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}\left[\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-3/2}]\varphi$
$P$	$=$	$K_c{\rho }_0^{6/5}{\theta }_i^6{\varphi }^2$	$=$	$K_c\left[\right(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{-5/4}(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-5/2}{\theta }_i^{-5}{]}^{6/5}{\theta }_i^6{\varphi }^2$
			$=$	$K_c\left[\right(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{-3/2}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-3}\right]{\varphi }^2=P_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}\left[\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-3}]{\varphi }^2$
$r$	$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c}{G{\rho }_0^{4/5}}{]}^{1/2}\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-1}{\theta }_i^{-2}(2\pi {)}^{-1/2}\eta$	$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c}{G}{]}^{1/2}\right[\left(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{-5/4}\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-5/2}{\theta }_i^{-5}{]}^{-2/5}(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-1}{\theta }_i^{-2}(2\pi {)}^{-1/2}\eta$
			$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c}{G}{]}^{1/2}\right(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{1/2}(2\pi {)}^{-1/2}\eta =r_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}(2\pi {)}^{-1/2}\eta$
$M_r$	$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c^3}{G^3{\rho }_0^{2/5}}{]}^{1/2}\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-2}{\theta }_i^{-1}\left(\frac{2}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}\right(-{\eta }^2\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta })$	$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c^3}{G^3}{]}^{1/2}\right[\left(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{-5/4}\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-5/2}{\theta }_i^{-5}{]}^{-1/5}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-2}{\theta }_i^{-1}\right(\frac{2}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}(-{\eta }^2\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta })$
			$=$	$\left[\frac{K_c^3}{G^3}{]}^{1/2}\right(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{1/4}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-3/2}\right(\frac{2}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}(-{\eta }^2\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta })$
			$=$	$M_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-3/2}\right(\frac{2}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}(-{\eta }^2\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta })$

Adopted Normalizations

${\rho }_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}$ $\equiv$ $(\frac{K_c}{K_e}{)}^{5/4};$     $P_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}$ $\equiv$ $K_c(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{-3/2}=[K_c^5{K}_e^{-3}{]}^{1/2};$ $r_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}$ $\equiv$ $\left[\frac{K_c}{G}{]}^{1/2}\right(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{1/2}=(\frac{K_e}{G}{)}^{1/2};$     $M_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}$ $\equiv$ $\left[\frac{K_c^3}{G^3}{]}^{1/2}\right(\frac{K_e}{K_c}{)}^{1/4}=[K_c^5{K}_e{G}^{-6}{]}^{1/4}.$

Note that the configuration's mean density is,

$\overline{\rho }\equiv \frac{3M_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}}{4\pi R^3}$			$=$	$\left(\frac{3}{4\pi }\right)M_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-3/2}\right(\frac{2}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}(-{\eta }^2\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta }{)}_s[r_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}(2\pi {)}^{-1/2}{\eta }_s{]}^{-3}$
			$=$	$M_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}{r}_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}^{-3}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-3/2}\right(\frac{3}{4\pi })(2\pi {)}^{3/2}\left(\frac{2}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}\right(-\frac{1}{\eta }\cdot \frac{d\varphi }{d\eta }{)}_s$
			$=$	$\left[K_c^5{K}_e{G}^{-6}{]}^{1/4}\right(\frac{K_e}{G}{)}^{-3/2}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-3/2}\right[\left(\frac{3^2}{2^4{\pi }^2}\right)(2\pi {)}^3(\frac{2}{\pi }\left){]}^{1/2}\right(-\frac{1}{\eta }\cdot \frac{d\varphi }{d\eta }{)}_s$
			$=$	$3\left(\frac{K_c}{K_e}{)}^{5/4}\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-3/2}(-\frac{1}{\eta }\cdot \frac{d\varphi }{d\eta }{)}_s.$

Hence, the central-to-mean density of each equilibrium configuration is,

$\frac{{\rho }_0}{\overline{\rho }}$			$=$	${\rho }_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}\left[\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-5/2}{\theta }_i^{-5}\left]\right\{3{\rho }_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-3/2}\right(-\frac{1}{\eta }\cdot \frac{d\varphi }{d\eta }{)}_s{\}}^{-1}.$
			$=$	$\left\{3\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}\left){\theta }_i^5\right(-\frac{1}{\eta }\cdot \frac{d\varphi }{d\eta }{)}_s{\}}^{-1}.$

Yabushita75 Plot

Specify Desired Abscissa and Ordinate

Here our desire is to generate a plot that is analogous to the one that appears as Fig. 1 (p. 445) of 📚 Yabushita (1975). We need to plot the core mass versus the central density, and the total mass versus central density where,

$M_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}}$	$=$	$M_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}\left[\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{1/2}{\theta }_i\left]\right(\frac{2\cdot 3}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}\left[{\xi }_i^3\right(1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }_i^2{)}^{-3/2}]=M_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{1/2}{\xi }_i^3{\theta }_i^4(\frac{2\cdot 3}{\pi }{)}^{1/2},$
$M_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}$	$=$	$M_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-3/2}\right(\frac{2}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}(-{\eta }^2\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta }{)}_s=M_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-3/2}(\frac{2}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}{\eta }_{s}A,$
${\rho }_0$	$=$	${\rho }_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}\left[\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-5/2}{\theta }_i^{-5}].$

As a check against earlier derivations, note as well that,

$\nu \equiv \frac{M_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}}}{M_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}}$	$=$	$M_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}\left[\right(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{1/2}{\theta }_i\left]\right(\frac{2\cdot 3}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}\left[{\xi }_i^3\right(1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }_i^2{)}^{-3/2}\left]\right\{M_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-3/2}\right(\frac{2}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}(-{\eta }^2\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta }{)}_s{\}}^{-1}$
	$=$	$3^{1/2}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^2{\theta }_i\right[{\xi }_i^3(1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }_i^2{)}^{-3/2}](-{\eta }^2\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta }{)}_s^{-1}.$

Figure Caption:   Analogous to Figure 1 in 📚 S. Yabushita (1975, MNRAS, Vol. 172, pp. 441 - 453), the burnt-orange colored curve shows how the core mass varies with ${\xi }_i$ and the blue curve shows how the configuration's total mass varies with ${\xi }_i$. More specifically, given that ${\mu }_e/{\mu }_c=1$, the blue curve is a plot of the function, $[(2/\pi {)}^{1/2}{\eta }_{s}A]$, and the burnt-orange curve is a plot of the function, $[(6/\pi {)}^{1/2}{\xi }_i^3{\theta }_i^4]$.

Compare with Earlier Derivation

From our earlier derivation, we know that,

$\nu \equiv \frac{M_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}}}{M_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}}$	$=$	$\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^2\right[\frac{{\xi }_i^3{\theta }_i^4}{A{\eta }_s}]$
	$=$	$\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^2\right[\frac{{\xi }_i^3{\theta }_i^4}{{\eta }_s}\left]\right[-{\eta }_s(\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta }{)}_s{]}^{-1}$
	$=$	$\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^2{\theta }_i\right[{\xi }_i^3(1+\frac{1}{3}{\xi }_i^2{)}^{-3/2}][-{\eta }_s^2(\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta }{)}_s{]}^{-1}.$

Also, our earlier derivation gave,

$\frac{{\rho }_c}{\overline{\rho }}$	$=$	$\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-1}\right[\frac{{\eta }_s^2}{3A{\theta }_i^5}]$
	$=$	$\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{-1}{\theta }_i^{-5}\right[-\frac{1}{{\eta }_s}\cdot (\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta }{)}_s{]}^{-1}.$

Hooray! These both match our "new normalization" derivation.

Locations of Extrema

Maximum Core Mass

Since the core mass is given by an analytic expression, we should be able to determine analytically at what location $({\xi }_i)$ its maximum occurs. Specifically, given that,

${\theta }_i$

$=$

$(1+\frac{{\xi }_i^2}{3}{)}^{-1/2},$

Pressure-truncated polytropic sequences

Pressure-truncated equilibrium polytropic sequences.

the maximum occurs when the first derivative of the function goes to zero, that is,

$\frac{1}{M_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}}\cdot \frac{d{M}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}}}{d{\xi }_i}$	$=$	$\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{1/2}\right(\frac{2\cdot 3}{\pi }{)}^{1/2}\frac{d}{d{\xi }_i}\left[{\xi }_i^3{\theta }_i^4\right]\to 0$
$\Rightarrow 0$	$=$	$\frac{d}{d{\xi }_i}\left[{\xi }_i^3\right(1+\frac{{\xi }_i^2}{3}{)}^{-2}]$
	$=$	$(1+\frac{{\xi }_i^2}{3}{)}^{-2}\frac{d}{d{\xi }_i}[{\xi }_i^3]+{\xi }_i^3\frac{d}{d{\xi }_i}[(1+\frac{{\xi }_i^2}{3}{)}^{-2}]$
	$=$	$3{\xi }_i^2(1+\frac{{\xi }_i^2}{3}{)}^{-2}+{\xi }_i^3[-2(1+\frac{{\xi }_i^2}{3}{)}^{-3}]\frac{2{\xi }_i}{3}$
$\Rightarrow 3{\xi }_i^2(1+\frac{{\xi }_i^2}{3}{)}^{-2}$	$=$	${\xi }_i^3\left[\right(1+\frac{{\xi }_i^2}{3}{)}^{-3}]\frac{4{\xi }_i}{3}$
$\Rightarrow (1+\frac{{\xi }_i^2}{3})$	$=$	$\frac{4{\xi }_i^2}{9}$
$\Rightarrow {\xi }_i^2$	$=$	$9.$

The burnt-orange colored, vertical dashed line in the above figure has been placed at ${\xi }_i=3$; it intersects the point along the core-mass curve where the core mass is a maximum. In a separate discussion of pressure-truncated polytropic spheres, this has also been identified as the location of the maximum mass along $n=5$ equilibrium sequence. It is comforting to see that the same turning point arises whether or not an "envelope" has been added to the $n=5$ polytropic core.

Maximum Total Mass

Similarly we should be able to derive an analytic expression for the location along the bipolytropic sequence where the configuration's total mass acquires its maximum value. Drawing from our detailed discussion of the properties of various model parameters, we can write,

$\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}{)}^{3/2}\right(\frac{2}{\pi }{)}^{-1/2}\frac{1}{M_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}}}\cdot M_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}$	$=$	$(-{\eta }^2\frac{d\varphi }{d\eta }{)}_s$
	$=$	${\eta }_{s}A$
	$=$	$[{\eta }_i+\frac{\pi }{2}+{\tan }^{-1}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_i)][{\eta }_i(1+{\mathrm{\Lambda }}_i^2{)}^{1/2}],$

where,

${\eta }_i$

$=$

$3^{1/2}\left(\frac{{\mu }_e}{{\mu }_c}\right){\xi }_i{\theta }_i^2$

and,

${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_i$

$=$

$\frac{1}{{\eta }_i}-3^{-1/2}{\xi }_i.$

See Also

• M. Gabriel & M. L. Roth (1974, A&A, Vol. 32, p. 309) … On the Secular Stability of Models with an Isothermal Core
• M. Gabriel & P. Ledoux (1967, Annales d'Astrophysique, Vol. 30, p. 975) … Sur la Stabilité Séculaire des Modeéles a Noyaux Isothermes
  

  In § 1 (p. 442) of 📚 Yabushita (1975) we find the following reference:   "A somewhat similar problem has been investigated by Gabriel & Ledoux (1967). Gaseous configurations with an isothermal core and polytropic envelope of index 3 were studied by 📚 Henrich & Chandrasekhar (1941) and by 📚 Schönberg & Chandrasekhar (1942). As is well known there is an upper limit (Schönberg-Chandrasekhar limit) to the mass of the core for the configurations to be in hydrostatic equilibria. Gabriel & Ledoux have investigated the stability of these configurations and have shown that secular stability is lost at the configuration that corresponds to the Schönberg-Chandrasekhar limit."